Every year, an estimated 4,000 to 6,000 tons of sunscreen wash off swimmers into the ocean, threatening coral reefs and marine life. Many sunscreen brands contain chemicals that contribute to coral bleaching, disrupt marine ecosystems, and harm ocean wildlife.
To protect both your skin and the marine environment, it’s essential to choose reef-safe sunscreens with non-toxic, mineral-based ingredients. This guide will help you understand what to look for in reef-safe sun protection and how to make ocean-friendly choices.
What Makes a Sunscreen Reef-Safe?
Reef-safe sunscreens use physical UV filters instead of chemical ones. Chemical UV filters, such as oxybenzone and octinoxate, absorb into your skin and can seep into the ocean, causing harm to coral reefs. Mineral-based sunscreens, using zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, create a physical barrier that reflects the sun’s rays without causing ecological damage.
When selecting a reef-safe sunscreen, always check the ingredients label rather than relying on unregulated marketing terms like “reef-friendly.” Look for non-nano zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, as non-nano particles are larger and less likely to be absorbed by marine organisms. Avoid spray sunscreens, as the mist can disperse harmful particles into the air and sand. Eco-conscious consumers should also consider sunscreens with biodegradable or plastic-free packaging to further reduce environmental impact.
Harmful Sunscreen Chemicals to Avoid
Certain chemicals found in traditional sunscreens are particularly damaging to coral reefs and marine life. These include oxybenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, homosalate, and parabens. These substances contribute to coral bleaching, disrupt marine species’ reproductive systems, and accumulate in the tissues of ocean wildlife.
Additionally, nanoparticles or microplastics, such as exfoliating beads, should be avoided, as they can enter the food chain and pose long-term environmental risks.
Best Reef-Safe Sunscreen Ingredients
For effective sun protection that is also safe for marine life, opt for sunscreens with non-nano zinc oxide or non-nano titanium dioxide as active ingredients. Zinc oxide provides comprehensive UVA and UVB protection and is gentle on both skin and marine life. Titanium dioxide is also effective, though it offers less protection against long-wave UVA rays.
Many reef-safe sunscreens incorporate plant-based moisturizers such as coconut oil, shea butter, or aloe vera to nourish the skin naturally without harmful additives.
Why Hawaii and Other Regions Are Banning Toxic Sunscreens
Hawaii was the first U.S. state to ban sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate, with the law taking effect on January 1, 2021. Other destinations, including Palau, Bonaire, Aruba, and parts of Florida, have followed suit, implementing similar bans to prevent reef degradation. These measures reflect growing global awareness of the impact that chemical sunscreens have on marine ecosystems.
Consumers can help support these bans by purchasing reef-safe sunscreens from local retailers and encouraging stores to stock environmentally friendly products. Sharing information about harmful sunscreen chemicals with friends and family can also raise awareness and encourage better choices. Advocating for additional legislation at the local and federal levels can further protect marine environments from sunscreen-induced damage.
How to Dispose of Chemical Sunscreens Properly
If you already own chemical-based sunscreens, do not simply throw them away where they can leach into the environment. Instead, check with your local waste management service to see if they accept hazardous waste products. In environmentally conscious locations such as Hawaii, there are designated drop-off points for the proper disposal of chemical sunscreens.
Additionally, avoid washing off chemical sunscreen in the shower, as wastewater systems often carry harmful substances to freshwater sources and eventually into the ocean.
Additional Sun Protection Tips Beyond Sunscreen
Sunscreen is just one part of an effective sun protection strategy. Wearing UV-protective clothing, such as rash guards, long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses, provides additional protection without relying solely on sunscreen. Staying in the shade during peak sun hours, usually between 10 AM and 2 PM, can significantly reduce UV exposure. Beachgoers can also use umbrellas or sun shelters to limit direct sun exposure, minimizing the need for excessive sunscreen application.
Top Reef-Safe Sunscreen Brands
Several brands are committed to producing environmentally safe sunscreens while maintaining high SPF protection. Ao Organics offers plastic-free packaging and non-nano zinc formulas, making it a great choice for eco-conscious consumers. Raw Elements provides biodegradable, ocean-safe sunscreen with SPF 30+, while Badger Balm is certified organic and made with non-nano zinc oxide. Little Hands Hawaii is another highly recommended brand, offering reef-safe formulas made with locally sourced ingredients. All Good produces broad-spectrum SPF sunscreen using natural ingredients and sustainable packaging, making it a popular choice for both beachgoers and outdoor enthusiasts.
Make the Switch to Reef-Safe Sunscreens
Switching to reef-safe sunscreen is a simple yet impactful way to protect marine life, coral reefs, and our oceans. By choosing mineral-based, non-nano sunscreen, avoiding harmful chemicals, and supporting eco-friendly brands, we can collectively reduce the damage caused by traditional chemical sunscreens.
Take Action Today
Read sunscreen labels carefully and avoid toxic ingredients. Choose non-nano mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. Share information about the impact of chemical sunscreens on marine life. Advocate for bans on harmful sunscreens in your community.
By making mindful choices, we can enjoy the sun responsibly while ensuring the longevity of our ocean’s coral reefs.