Coral reefs are among the most diverse and vital ecosystems on Earth, supporting over 25% of all marine species. Yet, these delicate ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change, pollution, and human activities. As travelers and ocean lovers, we have the power to minimize our impact and actively contribute to reef conservation.
1. Choose Reef-Safe Sunscreen
Many people are unaware that when they enter the ocean, any products they have applied to their skin—including sunscreen—can wash off and enter the surrounding waters. Scientific studies have shown that common chemicals in non-mineral sunscreens, such as oxybenzone and octinoxate, can be extremely harmful to marine life. These chemicals not only contribute to coral bleaching but also cause DNA damage, harm coral larvae, and interfere with marine species’ reproductive systems. Fish, sea urchins, and even marine mammals like dolphins have been found to suffer from these toxic chemicals accumulating in their bodies.
Recent Changes in Hawaii’s Sunscreen Laws
Recognizing the dangers of these chemicals, Hawaii has taken a strong stance on protecting its reefs. As of October 1, 2022, Maui County has enforced Bill 135, prohibiting the sale, distribution, and use of non-mineral sunscreens. Similarly, Hawaiʻi County implemented Bill 167, banning the sale and distribution of these sunscreens as of December 1, 2022. These regulations aim to safeguard coral reefs and marine life from further damage caused by harmful chemicals.
How to Choose a Reef-Safe Sunscreen
Unlike chemical sunscreens that are absorbed into the skin, reef-safe sunscreens are mineral-based and act as a physical barrier to block UV rays. The most effective options contain non-nano zinc oxide or non-nano titanium dioxide, which do not seep into coral tissues or disrupt marine ecosystems. Zinc oxide provides comprehensive UVA and UVB protection, while titanium dioxide is particularly effective for blocking short-wave UVA and UVB rays.
What You Can Do:
- Opt for reef-safe sunscreens with non-nano zinc oxide or titanium dioxide as active ingredients.
- Avoid sprays, as they can disperse particles into the air and sand, leading to unintentional ocean pollution.
- Check labels carefully, as some brands misleadingly claim to be “reef-safe” while still containing harmful ingredients.
- Consider reef-safe sunscreen brands that prioritize plastic-free packaging and eco-friendly formulations, such as Ao Organics, Malama Kuleana, and Raw Love.
- Wear UV-protective clothing such as rash guards and hats to minimize sunscreen use.
Additional Tips to Reduce Sunscreen Impact:
- Seek shade during peak sun hours (10 AM – 2 PM) to minimize sun exposure.
- Use umbrellas instead of relying solely on sunscreen for sun protection.
- Avoid other personal care products that may contain harmful chemicals, including lotions, shampoos, and perfumes.
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Avoid Touching Corals and Marine Life
Even the slightest contact with a coral branch can break delicate structures that have taken years—or even decades—to grow. Maintaining good buoyancy and spatial awareness is crucial when snorkeling or diving in reef areas.
Here are some of the good practices you can follow. Float horizontally and use gentle fin movements to avoid accidental contact. While it’s tempting to get close for a better look or photo, staying a few feet away protects both you and the reef.
Coral is alive. Stepping on it can kill the polyps and permanently damage the reef.
Why These Practices Matter
Embracing reef-safe sunscreen and careful snorkeling habits are small, conscious steps that collectively have a large impact. By protecting coral reefs, you’re safeguarding critical habitats for sea turtles, fish, and countless other marine species—and ensuring that future generations of snorkelers can enjoy these underwater wonders as much as you do.